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2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) An endocannabinoid that is present at relatively high levels in the central nervous system. Alcohol extraction A process using alcohol to extract cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids and other beneficial compounds from cannabis plants as consumable oils. In this process, cannabis is first soaked in an alcohol to separate the plant material. Alcohol is then removed from the oil through evaporation. Anandamide (AEA) Anandamide, also called (AEA), is a fatty acid that interacts with the body’s CB receptors similarly to cannabinoids like CBD. It’s a neurotransmitter and cannabinoid receptor binding agent that functions as a signal messenger for CB receptors located in the body. Cannabichromene (CBC) One of over 120 cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. CBC is a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, meaning it does not cause feelings of being high. Cannabidiol (CBD) The second most prevalent cannabinoid in cannabis, after tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Research suggests that it may be helpful for anxiety, stress, sleep hygiene, inflammation, pain, and other health concerns. Cannabinoid Any of the various naturally occurring, biologically active chemical constituents of hemp or cannabis, including some that possess psychoactive properties, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and others that do not possess psychoactive properties, such as CBD. The cannabis plant contains more than 100 different cannabinoids. Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor CB1 receptors are found on the surface of certain cells, tissues, and organs. They help regulate biological function. CB1 receptors are present in several regions of the brain and spinal cord and, in lesser quantities, in other parts of the body, including the endocrine glands and the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. CB1 receptors mediate the effects of cannabinoids on these organs. Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor CB2 receptors regulate the biological function of certain cells, tissues, and organs. CB2 receptors are present on white blood cells and in the tonsils, the spleen, immune cells, and neurons. CB2 receptors help mediate the effect of cannabinoids on these organs and cells. Cannabinoid profile The relative array and concentration of active cannabinoids in a product or medication. Cannabinol A crystalline, mildly psychoactive cannabinoid found in small quantities in cannabis. Cannabinol is a derivative product of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that may have a sedating effect. Cannabis Cannabis refers to industrial hemp (the primary source of CBD, generally consumed for its health benefits)) and a group of three varieties of marijuana plants with psychoactive properties (the primary sources of THC, a cannabinoid used recreationally for its psychoactive effects and medicinally for care giving): Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis plants contain more than 120 chemical and biologically active components, known as cannabinoids. Cannabis indica A strain of cannabis known for higher concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Also called indica, it is known for its sedative effects. Because indica contains higher concentrations of THC, it is popular as a recreational and medicinal drug. Cannabis sativa A strain of cannabis known for promoting a cerebral high. Also known as sativa, it may have uplifting, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Cesamet (nabilone) A synthetic cannabinoid prescribed for severe nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatments like chemotherapy. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD) The theory that insufficient levels of endocannabinoids can lead to ailments, such as migraine, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Closed-loop extraction An extraction method in which solvents aren’t exposed to the open air. Used in the past to produce perfume and beauty products, the process has been used more recently to create cannabis concentrates. Concentrates (or extracts) Cannabis concentrates, or extracts, are significantly more potent than a standard cannabis bud or flower. They are processed to keep only the most desirable medicinal compounds while removing excess plant material. Concentrates are often developed for medical applications. Cultivator An individual who grows marijuana plants, usually with a focus on soil quality and plant health. Cure A process used to preserve the cannabis plant and retain its flavors and therapeutic properties. Curing involves removing moisture from the flowers under controlled environmental conditions. Decarboxylation The process of oxidation or alternatively, applying heat to remove a carboxyl group (acids) and release CO2 from the cannabinoid molecule. THis activates the CBD and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis. Dosing The quantity of medicine prescribed at one time. Dosing CBD depends on therapeutic goals, as well as how it is ingested or applied. Eicosanoids Signaling molecules made from arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids that are similar to arachidonic acid. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. Endocannabinoids (endogenous lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters) Natural chemicals produced by your body that interact with your endocannabinoid system and regulate important body functions. Their purpose is to maintain the body’s homeostasis. To date, two main endocannabinoids have been identified: anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Endocannabinoid enzymes Proteins that your body makes to break down endocannabinoids that have fulfilled their purpose. The two main endocannabinoid enzymes are: fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Endocannabinoid receptors Special receptors that endocannabinoids bind to as a way of signaling that the endocannabinoid system needs to act. They’re found throughout your body and can interact with the chemical compounds in cannabis. There are two types of receptors: CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors. Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor A drug that limits the reabsorption of endocannabinoid neurotransmitters by releasing a neuron. Endocannabinoid system (ECS) A complex system within the human body that affects many important functions, including how a person moves, feels, and reacts. It includes endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid receptors, and endocannabinoid enzymes. Extraction Extraction techniques are used to separate the chemical components of cannabis from the plant matrix. Flavonoid Organic compounds that work synergistically with terpenes to provide aroma and flavor in cannabis and a variety of other organisms, including plants, fruits, and vegetables. Flavonoids are formed inside cannabis trichomes and may also work synergistically with terpenes and cannabinoids in producing therapeutic effects. Flower The portion of a female cannabis plant rich in valuable oils. Hemp An industrial plant cultivated for its fiber and edible seeds. While hemp is part of the cannabis family, it is not grown to have psychoactive effects. Commercial items made from hemp fiber include paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastic, proteins, health products and food. Homeostasis A term that describes the dynamic stability of your internal environment. Homogeneity This refers to testing to ensure the genetic consistency across strains of cannabis, or to the even distribution of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or CBD in a product, such as an edible. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics The way pharmaceuticals are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in and from the body. Phytocannabinoids Cannabinoids that occur naturally in a cannabis plant. Route of administration The path by which a drug or substance is taken into the body. Examples include a medication that is taken in pill form (oral administration) or applied to the skin (topical application). Terpene The aromatic and flavorful component of the essential oils contained in plants. More than 100 terpenes have been identified in the cannabis plant. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) The main psychoactive constituent of cannabis. It is responsible for the high sensation. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) A cannabinoid that does not have psychoactive effects. It is acid precursor to THC. As the plant dries, THCA slowly converts to THC. The potential medicinal properties of THCA are still under study. Tincture A liquid that contains a concentrated herbal extract. Topical An oil, salve, lotion, or ointment infused with CBD that can be applied directly to the skin. |
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